Shellfish Dictionary

Blue and California Mussels

Blue (Mytilus edulis) and California (Mytilus californianus) Mussels

Habitat: Inshore, found on rocks, gravel and other substrates
Size: : Blue up to 9 cm and California up to 25 cm
Description: Bluish-black oblong shells, anchored to substrates with brown byssal threads

Butter Clams

Butter Clams - (Saxidomus spp)

Source: Fisheries and Oceans Canada website

Habitat: Intertidal zone, found in protected gravel, sandy beaches
Size: Up to 13 cm
Description: Oval to round, white coloured. Concentric rings on shell

Cockles

Cockles - (Clinacardium nuttallii)

Habitat: Intertidal zone, shallowly buried fine sand-gravel beds
Size: Up to 14 cm
Description: Also known as Nuttall’s, basket or heart cockles. Yellow-brown thick shells with strong radiating wavy ribs

Geoduck

Geoduck - (Panopea spp)

Source: Art Demsky, Fisheries and Oceans Canada

Habitat: Deep intertidal zone, found in mud and sand at depth of 60 to 100 cm
Size: Shell size up to 25 cm
Description: Oblong gaping shell, rounded on one end, white colour with extended siphon

Horse Clams

Horse (or Gaper) Clams- (Tresus spp)

Source: Art Demsky, Fisheries and Oceans Canada

Habitat: Intertidal zone, found deep, 30 to 40 cm in mud, gravel, and sand
Size: Up to 20 cm
Description: Oval white coloured with brown and black patches worn off shell. Concentric rings on shell

Littleneck and Manila Clams

Littleneck(Protothaca spp) and Manila (Venerupis) Clams

Source: Art Demsky, Fisheries and Oceans Canada

Habitat: Intertidal zone, found in gravel, mud, sand at depth of 5 to 15 cm
Size: Up to 9 cm
Description: Oval to round, variable colouration. Concentric rings on shell with radiating ridges

Pacific Oysters

Pacific Oysters - (Crassostrea gigas)

Source: Fisheries and Oceans Canada website

Habitat: Intertidal zone, found in protected gravel, sandy beaches

Razor Clams

Razor Clams - (Siliqua spp)

Source: Art Demsky, Fisheries and Oceans Canada

Habitat: Intertidal zone, found in sandy beaches at depth of 15 cm
Size: Up to 15 cm
Description: Oblong shaped with brittle brown to olive coloured shell and extended siphon. Concentric rings on shell

Pink and Spiny Scallops

Pink and Spiny Scallops - (Chlamys spp)

Source: Fisheries and Oceans Canada website

Habitat: Low intertidal zone, found at depth (recreational divers)
Size: Up to 12.5 cm
Description: Radiating ribs from the hinge, with thin flattened shells, colour white to pink

Varnish (or Savory) Clams

Varnish (or Savory) Clams- (Nuttalia obscurata)

Source: Art Demsky, Fisheries and Oceans Canada

Habitat: Intertidal zone, found in protected gravel, sandy beaches
Size: Up to 7.5 cm
Description: Oval and flat, shiny brown and white coloured with purple interior shell colour. Concentric rings on shell

Weathervane Scallops

Weathervane Scallops- (Patinopecten caurinus)

Source: Alaska Department of Fish and Game

Habitat: Deep water in gravel, sandy beaches (recreational divers)
Size: Up to 20 cm
Description: Radiating ribs from the hinge, one side flat, the other bulging, colour brown to light orange/red

Where can I harvest?

Select one of the below Pacific shellfish species to find if there are any areas of BC where there is not currently a biotoxin closure for the selected shellfish species. Make sure to check for Sanitary closures and Prohibited areas as well to determine shellfish harvesting areas.

No active biotoxin closure for selected species